|
|
| Aluminium | |
| Electron Configuration | 2,8,3 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p1 |
| Ground state | 2P°1/2 |
| Atomic Volume | 10 g/cm3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.61 |
| Magnetic ordering | Paramagnetic |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | 7.8 x 10-9 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | 2.1 x 10-10 |
| Speed of sound | 5000 m s-1 |
 Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 322.2 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 10.67 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 290.8 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 24.200 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 237 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 23.1 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 245 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 2.75 |
| Vickers hardness | 167 MPa |
| Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 76 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.35 |
| Shear modulus | 26 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 70 GPa |
| Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 2.65 x 10-8 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | No data. |
| Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 0.33556 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 4.28 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 807 |
| Ionization Potential | |
 First
|
5.986 |
| Second
|
18.828 |
| Third
|
28.447 |
| Incompatibilities | Sstrong oxidizers and acids, halogenated hydrocarbons. |
| Flammability |
|
| Combustible Solid, fine dust is easily ignited
|
| Energy Levels |
|
| Kα1 (intensity 100) |
1.4867 KeV |
| Kα2 (intensity 0) |
1.48627 KeV |
| Kβ1 (intensity 1.3) |
1.55745 KeV |
| Atomic Radii |
|
| Empirical
|
125 pm |
| Bohr Radius
|
118 pm |
| Covalent Radius
|
118 pm |
| Van der Waals
|
No data. |
| Triple covalent
|
111 pm |
| Metallic
|
143 pm |
| Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 3 | IV | 0.53 | 0.39 | * |
| V | 0.62 | 0.48 | ||
| VI | 0.675 | 0.535 | R* | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
| Oxidation States |
|
| Main
|
Al+3 |
| Other
|
Al0, Al+1 |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1)  |
|
| M - M+ |
577.4 |
| M+ - M2+ |
1816.6 |
| M2+ - M3+ |
2744.6 |
| M3+ - M4+ |
11575 |
| M4+ - M5+ |
14839 |
| M5+ - M6+ |
18376 |
| M6+ - M7+ |
23293 |
| M7+ - M8+ |
27457 |
| M8+ - M9+ |
31857 |
| M9+ - M10+ |
38459 |
| Covalent Bonds (kJ mol-1) |
|
| Al-H
|
285 |
| Al-C
|
225 |
| Al-O
|
585 |
| Al-F
|
665 |
| Al-Cl
|
498 |
| Al-Al
|
200 |
| Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 1482 | 1632 | 1817 | 2054 | 2364 | 2790 |
| Crystal Structure |
|
| Structure
|
Cubic close packed |
 |
a = 404.95 pm |
| b = 404.95 pm | |
| c = 404.95 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |